Conditional sentence adalah kalimat yang terdiri dari dua klausa (if clause dan result clause) yang salah satunya berisi syarat atau kondisi yang memengaruhi kebenaran kalimat tersebut. Posisi kedua klausa dalam kalimat ini bisa berubah-ubah, bisa if clause terlebih dahulu ataupun result clause terlebih dahulu, tanpa mengubah arti kalimat. Namun demikian, terdapat perbedaan struktur kalimat tergantung klausa yang mana yang diletakkan terlebih dahulu. Jika If clause diletakkan terlebih dahulu, maka diperlukan koma (,) untuk memisahkan kedua klausanya.
Terdapat tiga tipe conditional sentence.
1. Tipe I (present/future-true condition)
Tipe yang pertama digunakan dalam kalimat yang kejadiannya terjadi pada rentang waktu kini (present) hingga masa depan (future). Dalam tipe pertama ini, kalimat ini mungkin saja benar jika syaratnya terpenuhi. Perhatikan contoh berikut:
Auldrey is on a book store to buy an English book. There, he finds the latest edition of his favorite comic books. He really wants to buy that comic book, but he doesn’t know whether his money is enough to buy the English book and that comic book or not. Hence, he says this to herself:
I will buy that comic book if I have enough money.
Dari kalimat tersebut, dapat disimpulkan jika nanti ternyata uang Auldrey cukup untuk membeli buku Bahasa Inggris dan komik, maka ia akan membeli komiknya. Akan tetapi, jika uangnya tidak cukup, dia tidak akan membeli komik itu. Jadi, kalimat ini bisa menjadi benar jika uang Auldrey cukup.
Tipe I memiliki pola sebagai berikut:
If clause:
If + simple present (V1/V3)
Result clause:
Simple future (will + V1) atau simple present (V1/V3)
Contoh:
• If water evaporates,it becomes gas.
• I will go to bed if I am sleepy.
2. Tipe II (present-untrue condition)
Tipe kedua ini juga memiliki rentang waktu masa kini dan masa depan sebagaimana tipe pertama. Yang membedakan tipe ini dengan yang pertama adalah kalimat ini digunakan untuk kalimat pengandaian. Kenyataan yang terjadi berlawanan dengan result clause kalimat ini. Perhatikan contoh berikut:
After buying the book that Cathy’s mother asked her to buy, she finds her favorite novel that he really wants to buy. However, she doesn’t have enough money. Regretfully, she said this to herself:
If I had enough money, I would buy that novel.
Kesimpulan dari kalimat tersebut adalah Cathy tidak memiliki uang yang cukup sehingga ia tidak bisa membeli novel tersebut. Jika saja uangnya cukup, Cathy pasti akan membeli novel itu, tetapi kenyataannya uangnya tidak cukup.
Tipe II memiliki pola sebagai berikut:
If clause:
If + simple past (V2)
Result clause:
Would + V1
NB: jika kalimat menggunakan be, maka be yang digunakan hanya ‘were’
Contoh:
• If I were a billionaire, I would buy an island and make my own country there.
• She would be able to go if she didn’t sick.
3. Tipe III (past-untrue condition)
Tipe yang ketiga adalah untuk kejadian di waktu lampau, dan kejadiannya berlawanan dengan yang terdapat di kalimatnya. Atau, bisa dikatakan tipe ketiga digunakan untuk kejadian yang sudah terlanjur terjadi dan tak mungkin berubah lagi. Perhatikan contoh berikut:
If I had had enough money, I would have bought that comic book. (Kenyataannya uangnya tidak cukup sehingga komiknya tidak dibeli)
Tipe III memiliki pola sebagai berikut:
If clause:
If + past perfect (had +V3)
Result clause:
Would have + V3
Contoh:
• If you had told me about the problem, I would have helped you.
• I wouldn’t have broken my arm if I hadn’t slipped on the stair.
Unreal conditions : Present and Future
1. If I (have) the day off tomorrow, I would go to the beach.
If I had the day off tomorrow, I would go to the beach.
2. If I (have) a million dollars right now, I would retire.
If I had a million dollars right now, I would retire.
3. If I (be) the mayor of this city, I would change certain things.
If I were the mayor of this city, I would change certain things.
4. If that man (work) harder, he could earn more money.
If that man worked harder, he could earn more money.
5. I would glady tell you the answer if I only (know) it myself.
I would glady tell you the answer if I only known it myself.
6. If Don and I (have) enough money, we would buy a house.
If Don and I had enough money, we would buy a house.
7. If the weather (be) better right now, we could go for a walk.
If the weather were better right now, we could go for a walk.
8. That student would get much higher marks if he (study) harder.
That student would get much higher marks if he studied harder.
9. If Mr.Smith (call) me, I would explain everything to him.
If Mr.Smith calling me, I would explain everything to him.
10. Mr. Moore would give up teaching if he (enjoy, not) it so much.
Mr. Moore would give up teaching if he enjoyed, not it so much.
11. If I (be) in your place, I would accept Mr.Anderson’s offer.
If I were in your place, I would accept Mr.Anderson’s offer.
12. People would understand you better if you (speak) more carefully.
People would understand you better if you spoken more carefully.
Using the word Unless in conditions
1. If you don’t leave immediately, I will call a policeman.
Unless you leave immediately, I will call a policeman.
2. Fred wouldn’t do that if he didn’t have your permission.
Fred wouldn’t do that unless he had your permission.
3. I won’t brother to call you if I don’t hear from Mr.Brown.
I won’t brother to call you unless i hear from Mr.Brown.
4. If you agree with him, charles wouldn’t even suggest it.
Unless you agreed with him, charles wouldn’t even suggest it.
5. We can’t write to Mr.Suzuki if he doesn’t send us his address.
We can’t write to Mr.Suzuki unless he sends us his address.
6. If you don’t study harder, you’re going to fail the examination.
Unless you study harder, you’re going to fail the examination.
7. I wouldn’t have believed it if I hadn’t seen it with my own eyes.
I wouldn’t have believed it unless I seen it with my own eyes.
8. If she doesn’t start the letter now, she’ll have to do it tomorrow.
Unless she start the letter now, she’ll have to do it tomorrow.
9. The lawyer wouldn’t say that if he didn’t have strong evidence.
The lawyer wouldn’t say that unless he had strong evidence.
10. If you don’t invest your money wisely, you will lose all of it.
Unless you invested your money wisely, you will lose all of it.
11. I won’t say anything if Smith doesn’t bring up the matter himself.
I won’t say anything unless Smith bring up the matter himself.
12. If no more guests come, there will be enough food for everyone.
Unless more guests come, there will be enough food for everyone.
13. Our dog wouldn’t have barked if he hadn’t heard a strange noise.
Our dog wouldn’t have barked unless he heard a strange noise.
Unreal conditions : Past
1. If George (have) the money, he would have lent it to me.
If George had the money, he would have lent it to me.
2. I would have spoken to Frank if I (see) him yesterday.
I would have spoken to Frank if I had seen him yesterday.
3. If the weather (be) better, we would have left Friday morning.
If the weather had were better, we would have left Friday morning.
4. Alice would have told you the truth if you (ask) her about it.
Alice would have told you the truth if you had asked her about it.
5. If you (study) a little harder, you would have passed the test.
If you had studied a little harder, you would have passed the test.
6. I could have lent you some money if I (spend, not) everything.
I could have lent you some money if I had spent, not everything.
7. If there (be) any complaints, we would have heard about them.
If there had were any complaints, we would have heard about them.
8. We would have gone with Fred last Friday if he (invite) us.
We would have gone with Fred last Friday if he had invited us.
9. If you (ask, only) me, I could easily have given you the answer.
If you asked, only me, I could easily have given you the answer.
10. Bill would have taken, more photographs if he (had) more film.
Bill would have taken, more photographs if he had has more film.
11. If Tom (be) here yesterday, he would have been able to advise us.
If Tom had were here yesterday, he would have been able to advise us.
12. We would have bought that house if the price (be) a little lower.
We would have bought that house if the price had were a little lower.
13. If they (need) any help with the work, they would have called use.
If they had needed any help with the work, they would have called use.
Writing conditonal setences
1. If you had taken my advice, you will succeed
2. I would have had less trouble if, you want to help me
3. If anyone had asked me about it, I will answer it
4. Our dog Saki would have barked if, you tried to disturb
5. If I had been in your place, I would feel happy
6. Bill wouldn’t have said anything if, he did not know what they mean
7. If you had followed my instruction, would not be wrong
8. You wouldn’t have lost your money if, you are not careless
9. If john had taken better care of his car, his car would be fine
10. We couldn’t have gone on our trip if, no vehicle to get there
11. If you had only left your house earlier, you must lock all the doors of your house
12. It would have been much better if, you can keep your emotions
13. If my watch hadn’t been five minutes slow, I'm not going to be late
14. Things would have been different if, we differentiate it
15. If I had been born a century ago, I would not be here now
Sabtu, 30 April 2011
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